5G technology offers stable and effective connectivity that allows critical tasks to be carried out safely and save time in resolving incidents. The benefits of 5G are precision of the information received, the ability to receive a high volume of data at the same time and greater speed, since the latency time between the transmission and reception of the data is much shorter.

These technological advantages of telecommunications allow us to explore a wide field of applications in an increasingly connected and digitalized environment that seeks the benefit of citizens and the planet.

5G represents a paradigm shift, since it will support the connected and ubiquitous use of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things, since it allows the use of sensors that collect and process information in real time, thanks to low latency that 5G brings.

In Europe, the 5.9 GHz band has been designated for safety-related intelligent transportation systems (ITS) in a technology-neutral manner in the range 5875-5935 MHz, according to CEPT/ECC Decision (08)01 and EU Decision 2020/1426[1]. Additionally, the 5855-5875 MHz frequency band has been enabled for non-security ITS applications through the same ECC Recommendation (08)01. However, it is not clear how the coexistence of ITS-G5 and c-v2x can be achieved in that frequency band. One option could be to adopt a priority-based framework for ITS channels, which could allow adjacent operations of the two technologies (ITS-G5 and c-v2x).

Two wireless communications technologies, DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communications) and C-V2X (Cellular V2X), are being considered as solutions to implement V2X communications. DSRC or ITS-G5 (in Europe) is a term that describes short- to medium-range and bidirectional wireless communications technologies for vehicular environments, with interoperability between vehicles, road infrastructure and other compatible devices.

The most advanced implementations of DSRC are based on IEEE 802.11p, an extension of the Wi-Fi standard (802.11) that adapts the medium access control (MAC) and physical (PHY) layers specifically to the needs of V2X communications, including operation in a highly dynamic and mobile environment, direct transmission of messages in an ad-hoc manner, low latency and use of a reserved frequency range.

As of the first quarter of 2019, several automakers, including Toyota, GM (General Motors), and Volkswagen, have equipped their vehicles with advanced DSRC technologies. It is also important to note that DSRC’s legacy technologies for V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure) applications, primarily electronic toll collection (ETC), have been in operation in multiple markets around the world since the 1990s. C-V2X ( Cellular V2X) C-V2X was developed specifically for transportation security applications by the telecommunications industry, subsequently standardized by automotive and transportation stakeholders at the application layer, and is rapidly gaining global recognition. A group of standards families support C-V2X: C-V2X based on LTE, as specified in 3GPP Release 14 (published in 2017) and Release 15. C-V2X based on 5G and NR, as specified in 3GPP Rel- 16 and with continuous evolution in future versions.

Using precise positioning through satellite technology, Indra will precisely monitor the trajectories of the vehicles thanks to the information they share in real time. This will make it possible to implement fairer mobility policies, which take into account the real performance of vehicles on the road.

Edge Computing will reduce the need to execute processes in the cloud, with the data produced by IoT devices being processed closer to where it originates, instead of sending it over long routes to reach data centers. data and computing clouds. In this way, latency and long-distance data communication problems are solved.

OBUs or on-board units are radio units located within a vehicle capable of communicating with other adjacent OBU-equipped vehicles, roadside units, other V2X-capable mobile devices or the broader network. These units can support one or more connectivity options, such as 802.11p and cellular, for communications and the processing functions necessary to support V2X applications. In the case of C-V2X networks, an OBU can also be called a vehicular UE (User Equipment).

VINCES has technological solutions, based on Artificial Intelligence and developed by its own Intelligence Department, for monitoring legislative activity. In this sense, its “Polirama” solution allows its Public Affairs professionals to analyze all the political-regulatory activity of the Cortes Generales and regional parliaments to know how it impacts specific sectors, providing valuable information for decision-making and for the prioritization of the actions to be carried out in order to participate in Public Affairs.

The RSU is a radio unit deployed along the road at strategic locations such as traffic signal posts at intersections, highway signs, and variable message boards. RSUs interface with approaching vehicular OBUs and other adjacent RSU units along the corridor, and may also be linked to TMCs (Traffic Management Centers), traffic signal controllers, cameras and other sensing equipment. on the road. Like OBUs, RSUs can also support one or more connectivity options. In the case of C-V2X networks, an RSU can be implemented as a base station for V2N communications or as a stationary UE for V2I communications. It uses a 5.9 GHz frequency band.

Optical remote sensing devices that remotely and non-intrusively measure the real emissions (NOx, CO, PM and HC) expelled from the exhaust pipe of each vehicle that passes in front of the sensor. At the same time, it measures speed and acceleration, records environmental parameters such as pressure, temperature and humidity, and identifies the vehicle’s license plate thanks to a video camera.

The RSD can measure the emissions emitted by vehicles circulating in real driving conditions. Since it takes only a second to capture a measurement, these devices can capture large amounts of vehicle emissions data in a short period of time. Additionally, since it is a non-intrusive technique, RSD monitors vehicles without interfering with traffic flow.

The system measures the spectroscopic absorbance in infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) light of: hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen monoxide and dioxide (NO and NO2 separately, combined as NOx), ammonia (NH3) and particulate matter as a proxy for opacity (PM). By taking the ratios of the various pollutants to CO2 and applying stoichiometric rules and other conversion factors, emissions values can be expressed in meaningful units (i.e. g/kg of fuel burned), which can then be converted into emissions of calculated distance (g/km) with appropriate assumptions.

Indra’s DAVAO system, equipped with intelligence and artificial vision, can automatically detect, in real time, non-intrusively and with high reliability, the type of vehicle traveling on a road, as well as the front and rear occupants, helping to operators to apply new sustainable mobility policies. Indra’s solution is also capable of improving its performance and “learning” through deep learning as data is captured in real time during the operation.

LiDAR generates 3D data with unmatched precision and has become a highly competitive technology to help transport operators and infrastructure managers improve their service and customer experience. These advanced sensors have Edge Computing capabilities and Artificial Intelligence algorithms that allow the road to be monitored with very high precision.